Wing
REAL AIRFOIL DATA
The wing flies on actual XFOIL polar data — a NACA 4415 section at Reynolds 500,000, in the family of real paraglider profiles. Lift, drag, and stall come from lookup of measured curves, not a formula. Pulling brake deflects the trailing edge physically — camber rises, and the flare works because the physics says it does.
Propulsion
BLADE-ELEMENT PROPELLER
Thrust is integrated blade-element theory across 20 prop sections — inflow angle, local angle of attack, per-element lift and drag — matched to a real Moster 185: 130cm two-blade prop, 18.5 kW, 7,800 RPM redline through a 2.58:1 reduction. Fuel burn, temperature, and engine failure are all modeled.
Atmosphere
VON KÁRMÁN TURBULENCE
The FAA/USAF standard spectral model, implemented as filtered Dryden turbulence on three independent axes. Gusts build and decay with real temporal correlation and altitude-scaled eddy size — not random noise. Thermals, ridge lift, and lee-side rotors are in too.
Lines & cloth
VERLET LINE SIMULATION
Suspension lines are simulated as particles with wind drag and gravity. Per-group tension follows real manufacturer load distribution — A lines carry 40% of load, D lines 10% — and material stretch feeds back into wing AoA. Lines catch wind, sag, and load like the real thing.
Flight dynamics
PENDULUM & FAILURES
Pilot-under-wing pendulum dynamics, weight-shift and brake inputs modeled independently, spanwise lift via Schrenk lifting-line for honest tip-stall and asymmetric collapses. Stalls, spins, and wing collapses are emergent — never scripted. Ground effect makes the last meter of a landing feel right.
World
LAUNCH TO LANDING
Realistic inflation sequence — cells must fill with apparent wind before the wing rises. Kiting, running, lift-off. Day/night cycle, clouds, fog, precipitation, visibility, and a ground-level wind gradient. Dynamic engine audio that tracks RPM and wind noise that tracks airspeed.